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Microaggressions are generally characterized as brief, daily assaults on minority individuals, which can be social or environmental, verbal or nonverbal, as well as intentional or unintentional ( Sue et al., 2007).
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While much of the literature has focused on major discriminatinatory events, more recent work has begun to examine microaggressions that occur in daily life. Minority stress can appear in a number of different forms. Minority stressors may act directly upon on health through chronic biological stress mechanisms (e.g., higher circulating levels of E-selectin in African American men, Friedman, Williams, Singer, & Ryff, 2009), lead to psychological distress ( Krieger et al., 2008) and/or may influence health behaviors (e.g., smoking cigarettes, Krieger et al., 2008) and use of health services ( Hausmann, Jeong, Bost, & Ibrahim, 2008). Minority stress theory examines the ways in which the unique stressors experienced by minority individuals may relate to mental health disparities in health ( Meyer, 2003). Such disparities are often linked to stressful experiences of stigma and discrimination that accompany a minority social identity ( Hatzenbuehler, 2009). For example, sexual minority individuals are at higher risk for mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, as well as suicidality ( Cochran, 2001). Indeed, disparities in mental and physical health outcomes have been well-documented among oppressed populations, including racial/ethnic minorities ( Williams & Williams-Morris, 2000 Williams & Mohammad, 2009) and sexual minorities ( Herek & Garnets, 2007 Lewis, 2009 Meyer, 2003). Social oppression in its many forms takes a toll on the health of individuals. Men scored higher on the LGBT-PCMS than women, lesbians and gay men scored higher than bisexual women and men, and Asian Americans scored higher than African Americans and Latina/os. The measure includes three subscales: (a) Racism in LGBT communities, (b) Heterosexism in Racial/Ethnic Minority Communities, and (c) Racism in Dating and Close Relationships, that are theoretically consistent with prior literature on racial/ethnic minority LGBTs and have strong psychometric properties including internal consistency and construct validity in terms of correlations with measures of psychological distress and LGBT-identity variables. The LGBT People of Color Microaggressions Scale is an 18-item self-report scale assessing the unique types of microaggressions experienced by ethnic minority LGBT adults. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a three-phase, mixed method empirical study to assess microaggressions among LGBT-POC. To date, research on this population has been hampered by the lack of a measurement tool to assess the unique experiences associated with the intersection of these oppressions. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals who are also racial/ethnic minorities (LGBT-POC) are a multiply marginalized population subject to microaggressions associated with both racism and heterosexism.